Ethical Analysis of Gumdrop Northern

At the conclusion of this audit, the following ethical Issues were identified: emergence to International law and treaties by exporting manufactured landmines to Afghanistan and Iran; use of substandard materials used to construct body armor; disclosing Information from the military that would prevent Injuries; and the formulated plan to send out notices under the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification (WARN) Act, and severing ties to the collective bargaining agreement which resulted in 100+ employees out of work.Despite the several issues that have been identified, we are optimistic that we can implement solutions that can correct these incidents and prevent future issues from happening. Due to the magnitude of the issues that were found it is essential to get a basic understanding of business in ethics. Ethics can be perceived differently among people because it has several nuances. According to Frederica, Farrell and Farrell, The American Heritage Dictionary defines ethics as, â€Å"The study of the general nature of morals and of specific moral choices, moral philosophy, and the rules or standards governing the conduct of the members of a profession. (p. 7). This Is a good starting point to help us further understand the importance of ethical compliance. For the purpose of this memorandum, the definition that will be used is the principles, values, and standards that businesses should adhere to, to ensure it is acting within ethical standards. Furthermore, studying ethics in business is very important because ethical misconduct is a considerable concern in business throughout the world. My ethics committee and I have referenced this definition and statement through the duration of our audit, and is the foundation of our findings.Now that we have discussed the definition and importance of ethics in business, we will discuss ACH ethical Issue that was discovered in Gumdrop Northerner operations. After each ethical Issue has been addressed, we will di scuss potential solutions and our reasoning for the betterment In your short and long-term goals. Ethical Issue #1 : Ignorance to International Law and Treaties by exporting manufactured landmines to Afghanistan and Iran. This is a very dynamic issue because there is conflict of interest.This conflicts with your parent company, the Department of Defense because you are a long-term military contractor that manufactures munitions, body armor and armored vehicles for the United States military. The U. S. Litany is currently fighting in a decade-long war in the Middle East, and landmines have been common amongst the fatalities since the beginning of the war. Improvised explosive devices (Deeds) have continued to be the number one killer of United States armed forces in Afghanistan, and 60 percent of all combat- related deaths in 2011 alone were caused by Deeds (Moral, 2011).Deeds are the most common method used by insurgent groups and rebels who wage non-traditional warfare, and are des igned to kill or cause serious bodily harm. The conflict of interest that my committee and I are most concerned with is the simple fact that you are opposed to supply effective body armor to the coalition forces to protect them from explosive blasts, but you are also supplying the enemy with the essential tools that cause these aforementioned explosive blasts.This conflict of interest not only violates international law and treaty, but you are potentially responsible for deaths of uniformed personnel serving in the armed forces. It is your responsibility to behave ethically, and this has not happened by your ignorance to the law, and the endangerment you have caused to uniformed personnel. In addition, the landmines hat you sell to the Taliban and Iranian government are defective, and many of who attempted to plant the mines was killed in the process due to the faulty switches.It should also be noted that many of these deaths were children and soldiers of each respective country. Th is ignorance on every angle is unethical by all counts. The basis of this ethical issue can have a wide range of effects legally, and can have severe repercussions on corporate stakeholders. The legal effects are very straightforward. The company can potentially be taken to court to file the violation of international law, and the consequences can be severe.For example, Department of Justice lawyers are rumored to be involved where families of injured or killed service members can consult attorneys to investigate Gumdrop Northerner contributions. Furthermore, the stakeholders are also potentially at risk. Anyone who has a stake or claim in your business can be directly affected because of your negligence to law, and this can damage your reputation, which is important in keeping your contract with the Department of Defense. In addition, it can Jeopardize the future of your company.Ethical Issue #2: The Use of Substandard Materials Used in the Company's Manufacturing and Failure to Di sclose to Stakeholders It has also been brought to our attention that Gumdrop Northern has utilized substandard materials in their manufacturing. Given the nature of your business, the United States military needs state of the art body armor that has the sophistication to stop penetrating shrapnel aimed for the body. The use of substandard materials is unacceptable because the safety of our soldiers is paramount in today's war.The body armor is the primary mode of protection that protects America's sons and daughters, and the armor you are providing the U. S. Litany does not protect them to Afghanistan and Iran. The substandard material is not only limited to the personnel body armor, but it also is connected to the armored vehicles used to transport military personnel throughout the theater. It has been revealed that there is a thin sheet of steel on the underside of the vehicle that makes them extremely vulnerable to improvised explosive device explosions.This is alarming because, as previously mentioned, Deeds are among the chief causes of death of soldiers. You have structured a vehicle that is protective on the sides and top, but have ignored arguably the most important part of up-armored vehicles used in the Middle East. This also leads to the negligence of the company to disclose this information to its primary and secondary stakeholders, and failure to understand the stakeholder orientation. The failure to disclose information can cause the rescission of an agreement.In your case, the Department of Defense can void the agreement with your company and also pursue a money settlement. Also, the purpose of the stakeholder orientation is for you to understand and address the demands of a stakeholder. The U. S. Litany is your primary stakeholder and you have failed to meet their demands and standards by using substandard materials and failing to disclose this information to them. It is your responsibility along with other top managers in Gumdrop to act in a responsible manner by providing truthful information to all stakeholders.We have found in our audit that you have failed in this field, and you have not complied with ethical standards. Ethical Issue #3: The formulated plan to send out notices under the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification (WARN) Act, and severing ties to the collective arraigning agreement, which resulted in 100+ employees out of work. We have found that your actions under the WARN Act are completely legal because you have acted within all the guidelines underlined in the act. Also, your plan to file for bankruptcy to reject the collective bargaining agreement is another area of concern.However, we believe it is unethical to do so because of the circumstances that you have found yourself in the aforementioned ethical issues. This issue is controversial because you are middling between the lines of ethical and legal issues. We believe that this is an unnecessary approach, and there are other venues to pursu e to resolve the issues at hand. I believe you should place significant value on your shareholders because they are primarily responsible for the day-to-day operations and ensuring your company is bringing in profit.Therefore, you should treat your people right and you can accomplish this by giving them a fair shot. If you trade seats at the table, it would seem unfair to dump them so quickly because they have families to feed, bills to pay and priorities to maintain; so we think you should do the right thing and help them in any way possible. The ethical issues hat we have identified are substantial and they can have serious potential effects on the reputation of your company and its future. With that said, we have outlined a detailed plan that we have formulated as the best for the business.Resolving the Ethical Issues: All of the issues have been put on the table and addressing possible solutions is statement of Gumdrop because this is where we believe you have failed. We suggest that a meeting is held by the Board of Directors to re-tool the mission statement of Gumdrop Northern. When all of the issues are put on the table it helps to have all eye players there to innovative think of the direction the company wants to move in. For the first ethical issue, the resolution is quite simple.We believe that Gumdrop Northern should adhere to international law and treaty by severing your ties with Afghanistan and Iran. It doesn't make sense to supply the enemy with antipersonnel ammunition, and protect the individuals fighting the enemy. Although more than half of your profits derive from these clandestine operations, it is conflicting with your interest by protecting the United States military with your manufactured products. This relationship should be terminated, and it should tie into your company's mission statement.Furthermore, it is your moral and ethical responsibility to report your shortcomings. I believe that showing integrity defines a company, and thi s can be the first step to repairing and strengthening your relationship with your stakeholders. It is also a great first step into repairing your corporate image. Moving on, the second ethical issue that we discovered is definitely a priority in addressing. The United States Military deserves the best protection because of their illnesses to volunteer their lives to fight for our freedom.Gumdrop Northern is using substandard materials when superior equipment should be used in preparing the body armor and armored vehicles. I think that the best solution to this problem is using the best equipment available to help protect the soldiers. I believe you should immediately recall all the body armor that has been issued, and rebuild the body armor that the soldiers use. This move is good for your image because it shows you have identified faults in your products, and will work relentlessly to alter it to meet military standards.You are also doing yourself a favor by telling your primary s takeholder that there are issues with your product, which is something that you have failed to do so. In addition, you should also revamp the armored vehicles that you supply to the troops. This is the primary mode of the transportation for uniformed personnel, and ensuring the safest vehicle possible should be a priority. Gumdrop Northern should provide additional sheets of metal to the bottom of the vehicle to strengthen the most vulnerable part of the vehicle. Finally, the third ethical issue can be resolved by not doing any of it.It is our belief that you should take responsibility for your actions, and slowly repair your image. I believe that taking care of your shareholders is important in business because they make sure your company is working. Therefore, the essential portion of this resolution is to own up to your mistakes and build on what you have. This solution shows ethical responsibility, and this is the focal point of this memorandum. I previously mentioned that an es sential part of this meeting is also to identify fiduciary duties of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Operation Officer.It is the ethical responsibilities of each of these managers to gain back the trust and confidence of the stakeholders (I. E. – United States Military). This is the best alternative that is the best for the business considering the ethical issues that were identified and the potential circumstances that were discussed. It is the right thing to fixing your problems. By owning up to your mistakes it may damage your company's problems in the short-term, but you are strengthening your company in the long run.I believe the first couple of months will be difficult because of the backlash you'll chive by showing your integrity, but with strength and perseverance, Gumdrop Northern can return to prominence. I also believe that part of repairing the company is implementing an ethics committee and appointing an individual to act as the ethics officer. I believ e this is essential because it would help prevent issues like the previously mentioned from happening in the future. It also will keep Gumdrop Northern in ethical compliance. Your company has fallen short in this area, and it should be a priority in your company's mission statement.

Low birth weight and preterm babies Essay

Low birth weight and preterm babies in United States is increasing. Low birth weight babies are babies who are born with the birth weight of less than 5 lbs. either due to preterm delivery or due to restriction of growth inside the uterus. These low birth weight babies are at increased risk for early death and long-term health and developmental issues than infants born later in pregnancy or at higher birth weights. Not all preterm infants are low birth weight, and vice versa. Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Disparities: Disparities in racial and culture exist with preterm and low birth weight infants. According to child health USA 2010 report, low birth weight infants who were born to non-Hispanic black women were more than the infants born to other racial and ethnic group. The infants born to non- Hispanic black women was 3.0 percent whereas the infants born to non- Hispanic white women was only 1.2 percent. The American Indian was 1.3 percent and the all other races were 1.5 percent with low birth weight infants. Causes for preterm and low birth weight babies: Previous delivery of low birth weight babies or preterm deliveries. Teen of age less than 20 years or advanced maternal age of greater than 35 years. Any maternal health problems such as hypertension, Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD’s). Use of substance abuse during pregnancy such as alcohol, cigarette smoking and cocaine use. Low socio-economic status with no medical insurance, Lack of nutrition at the time of pregnancy. Physical and mental stress during pregnancy. Violence, abuse or exposures to secondhand smoke are some of the causes for preterm and low birth weight infants (Morrin, 2008, p.8). Impact on family and society: Preterm and low birth weight infants possess greater risk not only for the infants, but also for the families and the society as well. The impact of very low-birth-weight infants on the family is long lasting. Preterm  infants born at less than 34 weeks are at high risk for poor outcomes, including chronic health conditions, long-term disability, and death. The loss of a baby can be a devastating experience for a family. Many preterm and low birth weight infants that survive the perinatal period are vulnerable to a host of childhood morbidities such as cerebral palsy, chronic lung disease, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Adolescents born prior to 35 weeks of completed gestation have been shown to have a higher degree of abnormal brain development and cognitive and behavioral problems than adolescents born full-term. These poorer birth outcomes have also been associated with serious health conditions in adulthood, such as cardiovascular disease, Type II diabetes, and hypertension. The financial costs associated with treating preterm labor and delivery is quite high. The parents of low birth weight infants have higher scores for financial burden, familial/social impact, personal strain, and mastery. And they experience more impact when children had a functional handicap or low adaptive developmental quotient (â€Å"APHA: Policy Statement Database†, August 11, 2006). In the society they cause more medical costs due to the length of stay in neonatal intensive care unit. Usually women with poor socio economic conditions, homeless are greatest risk for low birth weight infants and they have no medical insurances. This possesses greater impact on the society because their costs have to be picked up by Medicaid or the hospital system. Regarding community resources, I feel there are enough resources available in the community for preterm infants and their families, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is currently promoting preconception and post conception care as critical to improve the health of the nation. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) to improve outcomes for the mother and her family. New Jersey has lots of support services for pregnant women and women with low birth weight infants, they are, Nutrition programs, food banks, and food stamps Financial assistance for medical care, utilities, and unemployment benefits Organizations for children with special developmental or medical needs Head Start and other educational programs Medical care and insurance resources Counseling services and more (Preemie care, n.d). References: APHA: Policy Statement Database. (August 11, 2006). Retrieved April 15, 2014, from http://www.apha.org/advocacy/policy/policysearch/default.htm?id=1326 Morrin, J. (2008, September). Addressing Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Low Birth weight for Connecticut. Retrieved April 15, 2014, from http://www.ct.gov/dph/lib/dph/family_health/health_disparities_in_lbw_final_report_10_1_08.pdf Preemie Care -RSV (Respiratory syncytial virus) Awareness & Prevention. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.preemiecare.org/supportgroups.htm#NJ Very Low Birth Weight – Child Health USA 2010. (n.d.). Retrieved April 15, 2014, from http://www.mchb.hrsa.gov/chusa10/hstat/hsi/pages/203vlbw.html.

Transformational Leadership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Transformational Leadership - Research Paper Example Leaders have the responsibility of identifying the causes of slow and adopt a transformational leadership strategy to limit the adversities associated with slow death. One of the elements of transformational leadership is individualized consideration. A transformative leader attends to the needs of his followers in the organization. Through adopting a transformative leadership, leaders in the institution will give empathy and support, keep communication open and place beneficial challenges before the followers. During the process of extensive communication, institutional leaders will have the opportunity to identify possible evidences of slow and death counteract them before they mature (Verlage, Rowold & Schilling, 2012). Additionally, transformative leaders have a will and aspirations for self development in addition to intrinsic motivation towards their work. Chances of transformative leaders experiencing slow death are minimal because they have the intellectual stimulation to adopt innovation and creativity when approaching organizational problems. According to Shields (2011), deep change is a function of discipline, courage and motivation. Leaders can achieve inspirational motivation if they are transformative leaders. Leaders with inspirational motivation are usually challenged to leave abandon their comfort zones, convince themselves about optimism concerning future goals, and provide meaning for task at hand. This motivation can also be translated into junior employees to develop a strong sense of purpose for work. Inspirational motivation prevents possible victimization, psychological death and even active exit because it does not allow postponement of responsibilities (Verlage, Rowold & Schilling, 2012). Situational leadership model also focuses on self-motivation as critical element of proper leadership. The proponents of

Monetary System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Monetary System - Essay Example In. order to compensate with the needs, they have to buy currencies which are more recognized in the world and with this, they need a larger volume of their monetary resources in which they will have to spend tremendous amount just to meet or purchase a certain currency. By doing so, the value of their currency will be more likely affected and it may cause sudden change of the prices of basic goods and commodities. To add to that, if they do have a lesser monetary value, that certain country might resort in money in some monetary agencies in both local and international. Having this practice will ease or lessen the burden of a certain country with regards to their monetary scheme. However, if that certain debt would not be paid off immediately or given proper attention, then it would be another factor in weakening the value of a certain currency. The concerned country will further focus in paying off their debts and with this it will also need tremendous amount of money in terms of p ayment of the principal as well as the interest. If the concerned party would pay for their debts, it will need tremendous amount of money and the inflation rate would also rise, as the value of their money would be further weakened. ... If this happens, the economy of that certain government would face stagnation in which their economy would rely on loans and debts made by the government. The question is, if there comes a time that this government would not be able to lend a new one, how would they be able to pay their obligations and deliver the needs of its constituents. Then, it would be more difficult for that government to establish the stability of its currency. With this, it would more likely to produce another inflation and will lead to another depreciation of the value of their currency. Also, this would also mean that they would fail to pay their current obligations and with this they not be entitled for future loans in some international monetary institutions and this would really mean a serious problem. During these stages, prices of basic commodities will rise as prices in producing goods with the use of electricity, manpower, raw materials and the likes would also have their own highs and this would re ally mean a serious problem for that certain country. If the cost of production were high, then the burden would also be passed to the consumer, which will affect the prices of goods. Prices of transportation, communication and some related industries would not be spared in encountering such a scenario. This would also mean that the workforce would demand for higher wages to compensate their daily needs in which sometimes lead to closure of the industries or field specialization that they are working. Without further production then there would be a little source of income for the country, there would be less tax payers, and will affect the revenue collection of the government. With this, the government would be pressured to sell

Stages of Art development for children ages 2 thru 8 Essay

Stages of Art development for children ages 2 thru 8 - Essay Example For instances, the drawings are product oriented, and the child’s characterization and conception about the environment are more pronounced than objects. In this stage, the young adolescent is product oriented and his or her interest in drawing moves from drawing objects to drawing nature’s things such as the human body. He or she may also start drawing cartoons and exaggerated characters such as doodles (Krimsky, 1999). In an effort to improve the art and creativity experiences offered to children, I would provide the children with drawing materials and surfaces on which drawing would be done. I would ensure that the children in class have got enough space that would facilitate the drawing process. In addition to this, I would lay down measures aimed at making the children compete among themselves within the class setting. I would also bring them objects that they would be required to draw when they would be required to do so within the class. For me to implement the above improvements, I would require support from parents and the teaching staff. The parents of the children will contribute to this process by buying the children the required drawing materials. The teaching staff members will assist in guiding the children during learning lessons. I would also involve the school administration by asking them to allocate the students sometime that would be used in carrying out drawing activities. I would want to know the factors that would serve to motivate the children in drawing activities. I would be interested in enabling children to be creative and come up with unique drawings. In addition to this, I would also like to know how the children would be handled so that they develop their careers in drawing. Creativity may reduce with age in children during their growth stages, but it does not disappear permanently. In fact, older people may reclaim creativity that faded away at a young age. Development in artworks should be viewed

European union competition law practice and implementation Essay

European union competition law practice and implementation - Essay Example European competition law has been developed over the years to overcome these fears and provide legal guidelines for fair implementation of business practices. The European Union authority believes that open competition in Europe is important as it results in lower prices and also increases the choice for consumers across Europe. Competition within European Union is regulated by the European Commission, along with national competition Authorities. (Goyder : 2003). A fair set of norms has been evolved to include action to be taken against business practices which restrict competition, monitor mergers to ensure that these are not designed to reduce fairness and open competition in previously state run monopolies.(Lowe : 2004) The European Union has set out a very transparent competition policy, which is easily accessible. This paper attempts to examine the issues set forth in the European Competition policy as it affects growth of monopolies particularly that of public service providers. Services of general economic interest have been identified as those market services which discharge broad interest tasks and are therefore subject to specific obligations related to public service in respective member states. These services need to be of a universal nature such as postal and telecommunications services. It is therefore essential that these function effectively to provide continuous and responsive facilities to the community. These also have to be at an affordable price. Thus Article 16 of the Treaty has specified that these services, "Without prejudice to Articles 73, 86 and 87, and given the place occupied by services of general economic interest in the shared values of the Union as well as their role in promoting social and territorial cohesion, the Community and the Member States, each within their respective powers and within the scope of application of this Treaty, shall take care that such services operate on the basis of principles and conditions which enable them to fulfill their missions." The European Commission has a duty to ensure that these services are supported and duly fostered and that these are not subjected to the likely impact of markets which are open to competition and thus which act beyond the purview of public interest. (Whish: 2003). The European Commission has three main objectives which govern the functioning of the services of general economic interest these are to ensure that these function efficiently, that those which are not within the purview of SGEIs are not classified as such and that it does not have any adverse impact on markets which are open to competition but out side the ambit of public services. (Non Paper : 2002). Classification of the SGEIs has to be made very carefully to ensure when applied to services which are operated by private operators these are intended to meet an individual's general requirements and not a specific category of consumer. There has been a monetary ceiling which has since been laid down of payments of up to 30

CUltural propert - The Treasures of Priam Essay

CUltural propert - The Treasures of Priam - Essay Example As per the recorded modern critical history, Troy and the Trojan War were treated as legends. â€Å"In the 1870s (in two campaigns, 1871-73 and 1878-79) Schliemann excavated a hill called Hissarlik in the Ottoman Empire, near the town of Chanak (Çanakkale) in north-western Anatolia. Here he discovered the ruins of a series of ancient cities, dating from the Bronze Age to the Roman period. Schliemann declared one of these cities—at first Troy I, later Troy II—to be the city of Troy, and this identification was widely accepted at that time.† (Priams Treasure†¦.) Schliemann recounts what happened on the eventful day of May 31, 1873. When the excavation was in progress, he noticed a large copper article and saw gold behind it. With a flash of intuition, he understood importance of the delicate situation and with great presence of mind, announced the lunch break to the large posse of works involved in the job of excavation. He collected the treasure when the workers were lunching. With the help of his wife, he packed the findings in her shawl. The Treasure mainly consisted of A copper shield, a copper cauldron with handles, an unknown copper artifact, perhaps the hasp of a chest, a silver vase containing two gold diadems--the â€Å"Jewels of Helen† --8750 gold rings, buttons and other small objects, six gold bracelets, two gold goblets ,a copper vase, a wrought gold bottle, two gold cups, one wrought, one cast, a number of red terra cotta goblets, an electrum cup (mixture of gold and silver),six wrought silver knife blades (which Schliemann put forward as money), three silver vases with fused copper parts, more silver goblets and vases, thirteen copper lance head, fourteen copper axes, seven copper daggers, other copper artifacts with the key to a chest, The treasure as an art collection. Schliemann smuggled the Treasure out of Anatolia. The Ottoman government revoked the permission granted earlier to dig and put forth claims by suing him for the share of

Exploring the Violence in Television and Its Effect in Childrens Essay

Exploring the Violence in Television and Its Effect in Childrens Psyche - Essay Example Violent content is 9 percent above average in children's programming, and cartoons are the most violent (Center for Communication and Social Policy, 1998). We are all aware that our daily lives are studded with different types of violence. Social psychologists have asserted that much of our behavior is learned by watching others. And what do children see on TV They are exposed to more violence. This further validates what the children have seen in the neighborhood, it makes violence such normal fare -- everyone's doing it, not just in their neighborhood, but all over world. More than the adults, it is the children that have greater propensity to imitate the things they have watched on television. For them, TV represents violence as an appropriate way to solve interpersonal problems, to get what you want out of life, avenge slight injuries and insults and make up for perceived injustices. How extreme is the problem of violence in television Does it really transmit aggressive behavior to children Does it affect their psychological health This paper will try to tackle the link of TV violence and aggression to young viewers and try to analyze what are the possible solutions that can be done to thwart the incremental effects of violence in television. Two large scale studies--the University of P... They counted the number of violent acts using the definition, "the overt expression of physical force, with or without weapon, against self or other, compelling action against one's will on pain of being hurt or killed, or actually hurting or killing" (Gerbner et al. 1978, p. 179). Furthermore, they required that the violence be plausible and credible, which rules out idle threats, verbal abuse, or comic gestures with no credible violent consequences. The violence may be intentional or accidental. In addition, violent accidents, catastrophes, and acts of nature are included. Signorielli (1990) clarified: Any act that fits the definition, regardless of conventional notions about types of violence that may have "serious" effects, is coded. This includes violence that occurs in realistic, serious, fantasy, or humorous contexts. "Accidental" violence and "acts of nature" are recorded because they are always purposeful in fiction, claim victims, and demonstrate power (p. 89). On the other hand, the NTVS (1996) analyzed more than 10,000 hours of television programming across 23 channels over 3 years using the definition of violence as: An overt depiction of a credible threat of physical force or the actual use of such force intended to physically harm an animate being or group of beings. Violence also includes certain depictions of physically harmful consequences against an animate being or group that occur as a result of unseen violent means (p. 1-48). Their interpretation of violence in media messages is based more on harm to viewers than on harm to media characters. It is known that a very small percentage of violent

Knowledge Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Knowledge Management - Essay Example nt position in this as they are the real â€Å"knowledge producers† and hence any new knowledge that a company looks for is produced courtesy through these people. Competitive success is basically commanded by the companys capability to harness and indeed develop new forms of knowledge, gained either by observation or by experience attained, which can be called as assets that in turn create the required â€Å"core competencies† of the said organization. (Sims, 2002) While knowledge management might just be a new trend in the organizational circles, it is absolutely a good idea to discuss it in line with the top managers of present times. What this does is that the managers understand that the employees and the organization-related individuals are speaking their language and they are getting the hang of their terminologies as a result of the same. While these competencies within knowledge management do exist in many forms, learning on the part of a particular company plays a pivotal role, which eventually ventures into other resources of knowledge to generate high-class and exceptional showing from the company’s employees. (Dunn, 2001) Making sure that a company has knowledge management easily understood within the domains of the top managers is a very pivotal aspect – one that needs a great deal of tolerance on the part of the middle management which is all this while changing into a knowledge organization nonetheless. It is quite true that there is a host of ways in which new knowledge within a company is facilitated within its ranks. The need here is to classify them with respect to their importance, which include the cultural infrastructure can be changed within a company so as to gather some proportion to the fact of the actual remains that have to be taken care of in the company and in its employees’ minds. It demands idealization and disclosure of everlasting knowledge that is created over a certain period of time. This usually requires basic changes to

Human Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Human Resources - Essay Example An HRD professional assumes the duty of the staff trainer or instructional designer. HRD professionals maintain the organization’s reward system to guarantee fair and equitable pay rates. Administer and design the companys reimbursement program, as well as pensions and health insurance. They report any gaps between outputs and expectations and assess workers performance. They conduct training programs, which improve employees skills and enhance their abilities to function as a group. Finally, HRD professionals evaluate training schemes and propose future options for frequent learning. They serve an extremely crucial role in the development of an organization. Their philosophy is that they need to possess numerous skills, as well as competencies, which will assist them to bring success in the organization they work in. They consider their roles to be more crucial than the actual owners of the organization who, therefore, assume the role of a leader. What I learnt about the HRD field, while conducting this interview, was that the field in extremely critical in determining the success of an organization. This is because people who function in this field are the ones responsible for creating the powerful workforce that will bring success to the company. As a child, my father crafted me in to being a leader. I was amazed of how he handled matters as the head of the family with ease. Therefore, I grew up also hoping to play a critical role in bring success to this world. Through jobs, people are able to be successful; hence, no other field would have suit me better than the HR field. This is a place where a person could shape others to becoming successful people in this world. My strengths as a HR professional are that I work diligently. It is always in me to see a task completed successfully, and after that I find myself coming up with a new task. I also opt to listen to other people’s opinions

The God of Small Things Arundhati Roy Essay Example for Free

The God of Small Things Arundhati Roy Essay In chapter seven of The God of Small Things Arundhati Roy uses Rahels encounter of the Wisdom Exercise Notebooks to underlie many recurring themes throughout the novel. Through setting, imagery, and symbolism, Roy is able to further establish the impact of neglect and abandonment on the Ipe family relationships, and on Indias traditional society as a whole. The passage is set in Pappachis study, which is created as a metaphor for Indian society at the time. India, experiencing all the post-colonial social influences of the West, is amidst a social and political revolution heavily defined by the central caste system. Pappachi, a stereotypical capitalist devotee, followed a career in entomology-classifying his mounted butterflies and moths in the same way he categorizes humans by status. His study used to be his hub of career achievements and a sanctuary for Western knowledge; essentially it was his attestation of superiority. Over time the records of his progress, further represented by his leather-bound set of The Insect Wealth of India, rot as burrowing Silverfish reduce the books from organized information into yellow lace. His attributes are insignificant now. Roys elaborated image of the abandoned setting as rank with fungus and disuse parallels the corruption and failure of India in its current social state. The diction in the word rank, however, suggests a double entendre with the more direct denotation of the word referring to status and class. It is as if Roy is blaming the state of the study on the social injustice of society. The once beautiful, delicate butterflies and moths are a perfect example of the small things in society that are often disregarded, or merely used to the advantage of the more powerful big things. Captured and confined, the insects have eventually disintegrated into small heaps of iridescent dust that powdered the bottom of their glass display cases. The luminous quality associated with the diction in the word iridescent and the passive tone in the word powdered remind the reader of their past splendor. Having undermined and forgotten the insects for too long, the pins that had impaled them are left naked. The laws that once kept Indias social order are now merely empty restrictions, subjected to a population rid of its beauty and innocence. The artificial connotation of neon-green hula hoop is compared to a saints discarded halo-the oppressed saint of the people. This theme of Indias social structure is continued through the imagery of the column of shining black ants. When describing the ants, Roys allusion to the line of mincing chorus girls in a Busby Berkeley musical hints at Berkeleys renowned parade of faces technique in which he individualized each chorus girl with the tribute of an esteemed close-up. The buffed and beautiful procession is given similar qualities to the butterflies and moths, but this time the ants are recognized individually and equally-representing the powerful upcoming communist parade of Indias lower class. The way in which Rahel interacts with the study describes her role in her family, and in society. Rahels clear footprints against the dust of the floor contrast her vivid presence with her grandfathers forgotten past. Her highlighted path leading from the door to the table (dragged to the bookshelf) to the stool (dragged to the table and lifted on to it) marks her organized determination in recovering her own past. Her initial lack of size and shape in her life shows how her lack of participation in Indias social battle allows her to maintain her a clean, carefree outlook on life. However, when it becomes clear that she is searching for something, the half-moons under her eyes are noticed and the team of trolls is waiting on her horizon. The half-moons suggest her weariness in searching for purpose in her life. The negative connotation of trolls foreshadows the adverse future consequences of the size and shape that her life does eventually acquire. The current uncertainty of that size and shape is shown through her arbitrary collection of items (a smooth seashell, a spiky one, a plastic case for contact lenses, an orange pipette, a silver crucifix). The lack of focus in her life is partly related to her separation from Estha. On his return, Rahel once again reveals the hidden things from the past that she tried to forget. The main object, Baby Kochammas rosary, is a symbol for Baby Kochammas dead dream of winning love. As each greedy bead grabbed its share of sun it casts a contrasting dark shadow, much in the same way Rahel views Baby Kochamas selfish lifestyle as having drained the rest of the family of their happiness and well being. By stealing it, she was punishing Baby Kochamma. While revisiting the past, Rahel also encounters something else. The Wisdom Exercise Notebooks her mother, Ammu, had given them were tattered but still intact. Ammu, like Rahel, had had the idea of hiding the past, and denying its influence on the future. Estha, although remaining speechless, has a significant impact on further establishing the themes of rejection and negligence. Consumed by the thoughts of trains, a metaphor for abandonment, Estha makes an Estha-shaped Hole in the Universe. Estha is merely a walking shadow of life. Much like the rosary, he blocked the light; he is present in the world only by his contrast to life itself. Estha is the embodiment of the idea of death of dreams. Since his childhood, his visions have been lucid but he has lacked control over his life in the same way his handwriting showed signs of struggle for control over the errant, self-willed pencil. Life has objectified him and his once inimitable relationship with Rahel, treating the twins as library books-stories to simply be borrowed and returned. He is angry at life for abandoning him, for straying from its expected course, and most of all for not letting him go-for keeping him pinned down like the empty spaces of the once beautiful butterflies and moths. The passage explores many of the prominent themes evaluating Indias social society throughout The God of Small Things. On a more internal note, it further establishes the complex relationship of Estha and Rahel as they uncover the past and face its inevitable impact on the future. Although stolen and hidden for many years, the past, as Rahel realizes, is still here. It always will be, reminding them of the love and life they had, of the mistakes and dreams they lost, and of the challenges they still face.

Development of a Resilient Wireless Sensor Network

Development of a Resilient Wireless Sensor Network Development of a Resilient Wireless Sensor Network for Real-Time Outdoor Applications Maneesha Vinodini Ramesh, Parvathy Rajan, Divya Pullarkat Abstract Wireless sensor networks that are deployed for any outdoor applications face the challenge of link variations. The outdoor sensor network would be affected because of unpredictable changes in the environment. The effect can vary accordingly with a single hop and a multi hop sensor network. In this paper, we analyze the causes of poor link quality, received signal strength and packet reception rate due to factors such as shadowing, fading, foliage, and rainfall. We use the packet-oriented simulation tool, Qualnet 5.0.2 to create a simulation framework. This enables us to observe the effects of the signal quality separately and independently after the environmental factors. The results developed from the simulation are tested and assessed with the data received from the real time wireless sensor network to monitor landslides located at Munnar, India. Keywords— wireless sensor networks, shadowing, fading, link quality, received signal strength, rate of packet loss, path loss, fault tolerant I. Introduction Wireless sensor networks are extensively used for environmental monitoring, landslide detection, disaster management etc. These networks are mostly deployed in outdoor scenarios. These outdoor deployments of wireless sensor networks experience intermittent loss of link due to rainfall, foliage, fading and shadowing. This will affect the reliability of the network due to reduction in the packet reception rate. Hence outdoor wireless sensor networks needs an efficient fault tolerant mechanism capable to deal with the dynamic changes in the environment. For the design and development of a fault tolerant network it is highly necessary to accurately predict the expected dynamic changes in the environment and its effects on the network. The dynamic changes in an outdoor environment are due to rainfall rate, fog, vegetation, reflection, diffraction, shadowing etc. Due to these effects we cannot assure a line of sight path in every scenario. The non line of sight path causes the signal to degrade and cause the low quality in the transmission. To avoid the degradation of the link quality this work aims to determine the causes of link variation and the network parameters that get affected due to this change. Existing empirical models for rainfall, foliage, shadowing and fading are used to analyze the cause and effect relation using Qualnet software simulator. These analysis results will be used for developing an adaptive routing protocol that will increase the reliability of the system. To find out how the environmental factors are affecting the signal quality a simulation model was done in Qualnet. By integrating the models in the Qualnet simulator the impact of different rate of packet transmissions were analyzed with respect to path loss and packet reception rate variations. It is observed that rainfall rate and propagation distance through foliage above a particular value affects the signal quality drastically than any other propagational parameters. To investigate the accuracy of the simulated model, data from the real-time wireless sensor network system for landslide monitoring, deployed at Munnar, India was correlated with the simulated result and it showed about 95% similarity. In this paper section II describes the related works. The propagational challenges prone to the wireless sensor networks are described in section III. The software architecture design used for the simulation is shown in section IV. The simulation results with various cases were shown in section V. Section VI conveys the conclusion and future works. II. Related Works: In [1] Margham et al. the effect of rainfall rate on the link quality was analyzed and the result shown that there is a negative impact on the link quality. But the authors did not considered or investigated any effect of path loss, shadowing and fading effects. In [2] Boccur et al. a statistical analyzing on the link quality estimation is done by building a software bench marking tool called RadialE where the authors failed to discuss on the dynamic change of environment effect on the link quality. In [6] Ahmed et al. the authors discussed the accuracy of the existing path loss model with linear regression method on the measured data. Then concluded that a site specific information is necessary for the deployment of the wireless sensor networks. In [3] Ren et al. the effect of Rayleigh fading and shadowing was done by simulation in the opnet simulator. The effect of the path loss was also optimized through adapting the path loss exponent values. In [8]Dasarathan et al. the signal st rength measurements were taken with path loss, shadowing and fading models. Done with InSSIDer simulator to take different signal strength values on outdoor and indoor environments at different locations. In [9] Erceg et al. a path loss model and path loss exponent model based determination of signal strength was done for the deployment at outdoor. Putra et al. [15]explains that a signal is affected with the effect of vegetation and wind. A statistical analyzing is done. The linearity relationship between the received signal strength and link quality is calculated in Ekka [4] et al. In [7]Nose et al. a signal strength based route construction is done to tolerate fault in the network. In most of the existing works the network performance was discussed either through any propagation effects, a combined analyzing is not done so far. This paper analyzed the combined effect of the propagational effects in the network quality. III. Propagational challenges: The wireless sensor networks deployed in the outdoor can be affected by various propagational challenges such as path loss, fading, shadowing etc. Most of these propagational effects are mainly due to the environmental factors such as rainfall, foliage, fog, wind etc. The effects of fading, shadowing, path loss, rain and foliage in WSN are studied in this work that are discussed in below sections. A. Foliage model selection: Most of the empirical foliage loss models for the propagation path are exponential decay models, such as Weissberger model ,ITU Recommendation(ITU-R) model COST235 model, ITU-R model, Maximum attenuation (MA) model, Nonzero gradient (NZG) model, and Dual Gradient (DG) model [5]. In general, the exponential decay model has the following form [5]: (1) Where A, B, and C are the parameters from different experiments with regression techniques. The gradient models, the NZG model [5] was proposed by Seville to rectify the zero gradient problem associated with the MA model [5]. However the NZG and MA model are not taking the frequency information as inputs. Hence by these models, we cannot analyze the propagation effects of different frequencies. Subsequently, the DG model is proposed with the antenna beam width and the operating frequency as the input parameters. since there is no frequency information in both the NZG model and MA model [5]. The different models based on horizontal path propagation with its empirical formula are as follows: Weissberger model [5]: (2) Where f is the frequency(GHz) , and d is the distance of propagation through foliage it should be between 14 meter and 400 meter. ITU-R model [5]: (3) Where f is the frequency in MHz, and d is the tree depth in meter. MA model [5]: (4) Where Am is the maximum attenuation, R0 is the initial gradient of the attenuation rate curve, and d is the distance of propagation through the foliage. Since most of the wireless sensor networks uses GHz frequency range for communication, the weissberger model for determining the path loss effects in WSN. B. Rainfall model: The rainfall model is used to study attenuation in the transmited signal due to rain fall. Many scattering models are existing to find the signal degradation due to rainfall. But all those scattering models require the complex calculation of the distance between the scattering object and the receiver and the transmitter. The rainfall attenuation model’s applied equation is [1]: (5) Where, R is the rainfall rate in millimeter per hour. (6) (7) C. Fading Model: Fading is one of the major propagation effects in all wireless communication systems. The fading may differ with time, geographical position and radio frequency, and is modeled as a random process. A communication channel that experience fading is a fading channel. In any wireless systems, fading may either due to multipath propagation, known as multipath causing fading, or due to shadowing from obstacles affects the wave propagation, sometimes called as shadow fading. As Rayleigh fading model is used to model the fading in non line of sight path, it is used in this work. Rayleigh fading distribution is as follows [14]: (8) Where r is the rms value of the voltage of the signal and sigma is the standard deviation from the expected mean value. D. Log Normal Shadowing Model: The large scale signal power strength model is used for predicting the average signal strength as a function of distance between the Transmitter and Receiver which may include antenna gains, height, and frequency of operation. The path loss model does not discriminate between two locations which are at the same distance from the base station, but are at two distinct directions. This is due to the fact that the path loss model is not considering the effect of local clutter. In reality if we consider two locations then the local mean of the path losses will vary. The Path loss model only conveys an average value of path loss of the transmitted signal in a region or area. The local mean is a random value and its effect is calculated through the shadowing model. Thus the Path loss formula is extended in order to taken care the local mean variation as well. Hence the combined effect of the path loss and the shadowing are considered to calculate the received signal strength at a distanceâ €˜d’ [7]: (9) Where: K is a constant which depends on the antenna characteristics. à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ¾ is the path loss exponent. à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ¹ is the Gaussian distributed random variable. The above mentioned propagation models are used to analyze the characteristics of the degrading signal such as received signal strength and the packet loss due to poor link quality. IV. Software Architecture: The architecture is designed in such a way to study the characteristics of the output signal with the different effects of the propagational parameters. In the figure 1, the propagation models module includes the fading model, shadowing model, rainfall attenuation model and vegetation attenuation model. Fig 1: Architecture used for the simulation The output signal is analyzed with link quality, received signal strength and the packet reception rate. The link quality is the ratio in the received signal strength to the noise power. Signal strength is the received signal strength received at the receiver. Packet loss is the number of packets received out of the total packet sent. It can also be inferred as the packet reception rate. V. Simulation and Results: A. Simulation modeling for rainfall attenuation model: According to equations (6), (7) and (8) we created different simulation scenarios in Qualnet to obtain a series of data with the link quality and received signal strength .The simulation results obtained using Qualnet GUI interface are shown in figure 5 and figure 6. B. Simulation of path loss: In Qualnet simulator a sensor network scenario is created where the sender node is sending a total of 100 packets. This scenario is used to infer the effect of path loss in the transmitted signal with combined effect of the environmental parameters such as the rainfall rate and the distance of propagation through foliage. Then at different transmitter-receiver distance, the path loss is calculated and plotted the graph in Matlab. From the investigation of the graph shown in figure 2, a 40 dB difference in the path loss estimated without the effect of the environmental factors than with the effect of the environmental factors. C. Simulation of packet reception rate: The packet reception rate is analyzed with the combined effect of the environmental factors like the rainfall rate and the distance of propagation through foliage. The result in figure 3 shows the packet loss due to the effect of environmental factors is higher than the scenario where there is no effect of environmental factors. This is due to the rainfall attenuation and the foliage effect. Analyzing the effects of these two factors is needed drastically to find out the minimum level of rainfall rate and the distance of propagation through foliage which affects the degradation of the signal. On analyzing the graph it conveys that rainfall Rainfall rate above 350 millimeter per hour is Environmental factors increase the effect of path loss which results in the reduction of the link quality. D. Effect of shadowing mean in the transmitted signal: The shadowing mean is varied and analyzed the packet loss with the variation. From the analysis of the simulation result, it is clear that the packet loss started when the shadowing mean is above 4dB. All the packets are lost when the shadowing mean is above 11dB. E. Effect of Rainfall rate in the transmitted signal: The variation in the rain fall rate has affected the signal only above 350mm/hr. No packet loss is observed within the range of 50-350mm/hr . The reduction in the link quality can result in packet loss is proved through simulation result which is shown in figure 6. Also the link quality of the signal is analyzed and The link quality is observed to be decreasing with  increase in rainfall rate. F. Effect of foliage in the transmitted signal: The distance of propagation through the foliage, affects the signal quality. Even the movement of vegetation due to degrade the signal quality which is not investigated in this paper. In figure 7, the simulation result of foliage model is shown. If the distance through foliage is more than 10 meters, it will affect the packet reception rate. The link quality is also analyzed with the variation in the distance through foliage. The result from graph in figure 8 shows if the distance through propagation is above 10 meters can affect the signal quality. G. Effect of transmission power in the packet loss: With the result obtained using the different rainfall rates which is shown in figure 9, it is clear that when rainfall rate is above 5.833 mm per minute packet loss is observed. So assuming the rainfall rate to be 5.833 mm per minute the distance through foliage is varied and the result is analyzed. Figure 9: Varying the distance through foliage with different transmission powers H. Real Data Analysis: The real data is received from the real-time wireless sensor network system for landslide monitoring, deployed at Munnar, India. 90% match with simulated result and real data from munnar is obtained in the real data analysis result shown in figure 10. The real data from landslide monitoring system is analyzed with the simulated result in the Qualnet with the combined effect of the environmental parameters like the rainfall rate, foliage, shadowing and fading. The result holds the fact that the models were showing similar results as in theoretical models. VI. Conclusion and Future works: To analyze the effect of propagation and environmental factors on the signal quality we implemented simulation of these models in the Qualnet. Simulation result shows the rainfall rate and the distance of propagation through foliage have a major effect on the performance of the network especially on the link quality and packet reception rate. Then the simulated result is analyzed with real time wireless sensor network system for landslide monitoring deployed at munnar. In future from these analyzed results we are planning to design an adaptive routing protocol that adapts its path with the best available link quality.

Copper: Structure, Functions and Chemistry

Copper: Structure, Functions and Chemistry COPPER (I) Copper has played a significant role in the history of human civilization, he was the first metal produced on a larger scale and used for practical purposes. Copper has been used by humans since ancient times, in the oldest antiquity and almost certainly soon after gold and argint. Archeologists discovered objects of this metal dating from 8700 BC, the occurrence of copper, much tougher and cheaper than gold and argint, expand the uses and the manufacture of weapons and various utensils (especially plows), thus making a significant jump in history: the transition from the Stone Age to the Bronze Age. Copper is one of the chemical elements of the base, a metal which pure has orange-red color and has a high electrical and thermal conductivity. Distinctive color of the copper, reddish, has made as first people to use him in creating jewelry and tools. Currently it is used to create a variety of products (cables, cooking pots and pans, tubes and pipes, car radiators, etc..), and pigm ent and preservative for paper, paint, textile and wood. Can also be used in various combinations, with zinc produce brass and with tin produces bronze . In the Earths crust, copper reserves are estimated to be about 70 parts per million, which puts them among the top four of the Earth reserves. Copper is found in its natural state, but most are in the mineral reserves, of which the most important are chalcopyrite and bornite. From the point of view of the spread in nature, copper may be found either in the native form (pure or bonded) or be in the form of compounds or minerals. After existing information, the copper was discovered in the year 6000 BC, by a people living in Turkestan or on the southern slope of the Caucasus. From here emerged in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Crete and eventually in Europe. Judging after the old copper objects found, it can be said that this metal has emerged in Egypt 5,000 years BC and then, after a millennium, in the region between the Tigris and Euphrates, where the Sumerian civilization developed. In Egypt, on the pharaoh time Turmes, the copper was exploited in Sinai Peninsula and was known as Komt. Copper ores used by ancient peoples came from Asia Minor and the Cypru. Also, the great philosopher of antiquity, Aristotle (330 BC) wrote that in India there is a kind of copper that can not distinguish gold than by weight (it been easier). The first large deposits of copper ore were discovered about 3000 BC, in the island of Cyprus in the Mediterranean.There is evidence that the Greeks and then the Romans extracted copper from Cyprus (since 1500 BC). When the Romans conquered Cyprus, the Romans brought copper almost entirely from Cyprus, so they called him, Cyprium, metal of Cyprus, then shortened to cyprium and later at cuprum. In South America, the findings showed that there were copper objects from 500 BC along the north coast of Peru. A development in copper processing was done when the Inca empire fell, it being conquered by the Spanish in the 1500s. Regarding the United States, the first copper mine is known in Connecticut (Branby) in 1705, followed by Pennsylvania (Lancaster) in 1732. However, production of copper objects was based on copper imported from Chile until 1844, when were discovered large deposits of copper ore, high quality, around Lake Superior. With the development of techniques for processing by the late 1800s, began exploiting the copper ore lower quality in large mines open in the western United States. The biggest piece of elemental copper found in nature weighed 420 tonnes and was found in 1857 in the Keweenaw Peninsula of Michigan, USA. Copper-containing minerals, such as chalcopyrite, Azurite, malachite, copper is present in the earths crust at a concentration of 50 parts per million, and constituted 0.01% of the. Most of copper removed from the mine is in the form of compounds such as sulfides or sulfates. Today, copper ores (copper sulfides, oxides and carbonates) are found in the USA and Canada, as well as several other places (in more than 50 nations). Should be noted, however, about half of the amount of copper in the world comes dinChile and the United States. New Mexico, Nevada, and Montana are states that give the largest amount of copper (about 98 percent) in the United States. World production of copper is about 12 million tons per year and the reserves are about 300 million tons, and is projected to be only for another 25 years. Strongest copper manufacturers, top two are United States and Chile, followed by Canada, Peru, Australia, Russia, China and Indonesia. About 2 million tons of copper per year are recovered through recycling process. With 2000 years BC, the copper was used only in the manufacture of bronze, and later on making some ornaments and copper combinations of coloring glass in blue (used as a precious stone, rings, brooches and so on). Objects of copper with the greatest seniority were found in areas with historical significance, eg Chaldea, Egypt, Assyria, Phoenicia and America. Thus the oldest objects found in northern Iraq, beads native copper (nuggets), dating from about 9000 BC, and various tools for processing of copper, made in about 5000 BC. In the New World copper objects were used by Native Americans as early as 2000 BC. In China was used to create bells. Later, the copper has been widely used in various alloys as bronze and brass (copper zinc) Èâ„ ¢i copper tin zinc. As bronze, was used to make cutlery, coins, tools, art and various bronze vessels. Copper alloys have been strong enough to be used in guns and cannons, and was known as †gun metal†. Homer wrote of weapons made of copper. Around the year 900 BCE, copper salts have been used for painting had expensive homes, being combined with clay and lime later. The alloy of copper and nickel (cupronickel) was the preferred metal for coins, bronze coins first appeared in Egypt, between 430-322 BC, and is now used this alloy for achieving U.S. coins. Because he was one of the main metals (together of gold and silver ), copper came to the attention of the alchemists, who called Venus, after the planet that regarded represented by copper. It is now widely used like bronze and brass in construction, truss building, roofing, heating and plumbing systems. Also, the copper is used heavily for electrical equipment (60%), almost every electrical device (electric clocks, stoves, portable CD players, and electricity transmission wires) is based on copper, because it has a high electrical conductivity and cheap. It is well known that older telephone lines were made à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹of thick copper wire packages, computers have copper circuit boards. Some copper alloys are used as pesticide for insects and rodents. Also, Copper alloys are found used in a variety of compounds: battery fluid, in fireproof, fabric paints, food additives for farm animals; fireworks (bright emerald color); The copper alloys underpin the manufacture of ceramics and enamels, photographic film, the different pigments and marine paints, as well as metals conservation, water purification, and wood protection. Using copper compounds, can also be undertaken and semi precious stones, such as turquoise (vary in color from green to blue) and malachite. Physical properties are usually those that can be observed using our senses such as color, luster, freezing point, boiling point, melting point, density, hardness and odor. A disc of copper (99.95% pure) In its solid state, of metal, copper has with a face-centered cubic crystalline structure, and is reddish, this color is the main property after which differs from the other elements. Copper color reflects red and orange light and absorbs other frequencies in the visible spectrum, due to its band structure. The copper crystal (cubic, face-centered) is lacking the presence of polymorphism. Usually, most of the inorganic compounds and organic compounds of copper are blue in color, although some may be green or greenish. Very interesting are his properties,to form compounds by green color (carbonate, chloride, etc.), Black (oxide) or blue (sulfate and hydroxide). One of the disadvantages of copper is the phenomenon of Cocle (greening), which can be often observed on old vessels and coins. Together with osmium (blue) and gold (golden yellow), the copper is one of three elemental metals has natural color other than gray or silver. Pure copper is orange-red and acquires a reddish stain when exposed to air, and will be green later. Cooper has a high melting point (1083 °C), which cause limited use to the pure metal. It can easily combine with other metals: Zn, Sn and Ni, forming alloys: brass, bronze,constantan, with improved properties and low melting points. He has a shine or glow, and his boiling point is 2595 °C. Its density is 8.96 grams per cubic centimeter. Copper is a very soft metal with a hardness of 3 on the Mohs scale (50 scale Vickers), tensile strength stood at 210 MPa, but is quite resistant to breaking, and very ductile (can be drawn into wires) and can be molded at high pressure. Both copper and its alloys have a very high pliability (can be drawn in thin sheets), and are very easy to process. However, the ductility of copper is extremely favorable, thus being able to obtain very thin copper wire, called strands (they used in the past, fuses). It is malleable, ductile, and an extremely good conductor of both heat and electricity. It is softer than zinc and can be polished to a bright finish . Is similar to the thermal conductivity of silver (silver 1 to 0.93), and much higher than other common metals. Precisely because of this property, copper pipe is used to transfer heat. However, the conductivity of copper is decreased when cooper is impure; when cooper contain the impurities of 0.1% of elements such as phosphorus, arsenic, silicon or iron, the conductivity may lower even by 20%. Therefore, electrotechnics uses only pure copper electrolyte. Like all metals, if copper is plated with another metal, begin galvanic corrosion process. Chemical properties Atomic number of copper is 29, and is found in group 11 of the periodic table, together with silver and gold, and has symbol Cu. Relative atomic mass is 63.546. The valence of copper is essentially 1 or 2 (a rare form copper compounds and salts of oxidation state 1, and 2, which are commonly called cuprous or cupric salts), although less may be even 3 . It is found in Group 11, Period 4 of the periodic table. Copper isotope 6429Cu electronic shell electron, 29 protons and 35 neutrons in the nucleus. Thanks to its electronic structure, copper may transfer an electron located on the last layer, forming ion CuI. Who ion combinations are stable. Copper can give, besides the electron located on the last layer, another electron, which is on the penultimate layer, forming ions CuII Copper does not react with water, but reacted slowly with the ambient air, as a result of this reaction, the copper surface to form a green layer of oxidized copper. In contrast to the oxidation of iron in moist air, this oxide layer stops the corrosion; a layer of green verdigris (copper carbonate) can be seen on old copper constructions, such as the Statue of Liberty, the largest copper statue world. Most copper salts are hygroscopic. Copper presents magnetic conductivity. Isotopes Copper has 29 isotopes; two of them, 63Cu and 65Cu are stable, and isotope 63Cu represents 69% of all natural copper. The other isotopes 27 are unstable (radioactive); the most stable of the radioactive is 67 Cu with half-life by 61.83 hours. Seven other isotopes have been characterized; between radioactive isotopes, it remark 63Cu, which emit positive beta radiation, resulting the isotopes of nickel, while the 65Cu isotope, with beta negative radioactive emissions, has results zinc isotopes. It should be noted that although it is a metal, copper is an essential element of life. It is found in all tissues of the body, but most of the copper found in the liver, and small quantities are found in the brain, heart, kidney and muscle. As beneficial effects, copper helps the body to use iron in the blood, reducing free radicals actions on tissues. Consuming foods copper may also prevent certain diseases or disabilities, such as allergies, baldness, AIDS, leukemia, osteoporosis and stomach ulcers. With iron (another metal), the copper assists in the synthesis of red blood cells. But it must be noted that copper does not break down in the environment, so it can be accumulated by plants and animals. This means that where there is copper in large quantities, it can develop only a limited number of plants, which adversely affect the work of agricultural land according to soil acidity and the presence of organic matter. However, manure containing large copper, is still applied on fields farm. Also, copper negatively influence activity of microorganisms and earthworms, which implies a slow decomposition of organic matter. Cupric salts are very powerful poisons for algae and fungi. Therefore, impregnate wood sulphate or copper naphthenate, to avoid the mushrooms and sprinkled vineyards, against blight, with a solution of copper sulphate mixed with lime. Copper has played a significant role in the history of human civilization, it the first metal produced on a larger scale and used for practical purposes. Copper is, after iron, the metal most used. After ones set, we find that the copper is a very common substance that occurs naturally in the environment and people use extensively. Apply in industry and agriculture, which made as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹copper production to increase over the last decades.

Pillars of Metaphorical Ambiguity in The Scarlet Letter Essay -- Scarl

Pillars of Metaphorical Ambiguity in The Scarlet Letter Among the multiplicity of arcane elements hidden beneath the words in Hawthorne's "The Scarlet Letter", none is so apparent, yet strikingly subtle to the reader's perception and consumption of characterization than the allegorical play on words within the names of the characters.   Both the protagonist and her rival within the plot are blessed with conveniently appropriate, fitting names.   The four pillars supporting this novel are all cloaked with foreshadowing names, which silently clue the reader into what traits and significance the character holds as the story unfolds.   These pillars that solidify the novel are Hester Prynne, Roger Chillingworth, Arthur Dimmesdale, and Pearl.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first, possibly strongest column supporting the evolution of themes in the novel is Hester Prynne.   Hester is the young woman who is abandoned by her older, disfigured husband, and falls in love with a young, passionately God-fearing man who subsequently conceives a child, thus revealing her "adultery" and is punished by the Puritan society that he represents.   She is instructed to wear a red letter, hence the title of the book.   Through her punishment, she acquires and applies several motifs that the novel boasts, the most powerful one being represented perpetually throughout the story,   sin.   Apparently, in efforts to stress her significance and origin of decisions in the story, Hawthorne skillfully gave this woman whom the story revolves around the name of Hester Prynne, comfortably in sync with the word she is faced with constantly: sin.   Her last name, rhyming with the word is no mistake, and though subtle in its existence, is ingenious in its implication, and an almo... ...r Dimmesdale divulges the less than resplendent qualities the young minister displayed in his lack of resolve and spirit.   Finally, Pearl implies the costly, lamentable result of a debacle that was ironically conceived from affection and tender ardor. The intricate constituents of this endless metaphor of a novel would vaporize without concrete, stationary components that solidify the plot and stimulate its growth, each reactive and influential upon the other.   Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† would crumble into an insipid, low faceted pile of a couple plot twists, monotonous characters, juvenile prose, and a stack of aged papers from Hawthorne’s basement that would have never reached the new millennia without those four pillars of metaphorical ambiguity.   Work Cited Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. Ed. Brian Harding. Oxford: Oxford 1990.

A Separate Peace :: essays research papers

Sitting in my third grade classroom we chattered anxiously, waiting for the spelling quizzes to be passed back. My teacher placed them all facing down on our desks, a rather pointless effort when she was already aware that at any moment the room would burst into havoc with yells of "what did you get?", shouting numbers back and forth, and of course superior comments from the students proud of their marks. I quickly flipped mine over and grinned at the 8/10 scrawled in red marker near the top of the page. "What did you get?" sure enough my friend Jenny thrust me her paper. As I stared down at her 100% sitting aside a bright yellow smiley sticker I felt a familiar twinge of jealousy. From that day on I had a secret goal to achieve higher marks than my friend. I can not remember when this rivalry ended, but I do know that it is normal behavior. Each person feels rivalry or competition to other humans, for the majority of their lifetime. This rivalry greatly affects our ability to understand others, and this eventually results in war, discrimination, and enmity. Children are definitely culprits for acting inhumane to each other with teasing, competition, and often hurtful remarks. Although this is the way children often act, it is in the teenage years realization, along with careful thought and consideration, brings each individual to understand wider prospects of human nature; that people coldly drive ahead for themselves alone. Man’s inhumanity1 to man is a way for people to protect themselves from having pain inflicted on them by fellow humans, and achieving their goals and desires free from interference of others. The concept of man’s inhumanity to man is developed in John Knowles’ novel, A Separate Peace. The primary conflict in this novel centers on the main character, Gene, and his battling of jealousy, paranoia, and inability to understand his relationship with his best friend Phineas. Yet the larger battle of man’s inhumanity to man is portrayed by the backdrop of World War II. Gene Forrester is an average, studious, young man attending Devon school in New Hampshire during the second World War. His roommate at Devon, Phineas (otherwise known as Finny) sends Gene on an unexpected journey of self discovery. Finny represents man in his innocence, a kind of edenic2 Adam. He is very athletic, honest and trusting.

Latin America Essay examples -- Culture Latin American Essays Papers

Latin America Distinguishing cultures from one another has become increasingly difficult as various societies continue to intertwine and share their aspects of popular life. Constant exposure to US and other world cultures has changed the cultures of Latin American countries somewhat, but much of society remains unchanged. Moving to the United States from Latin America alters life a great deal, and keeping touch with one’s original culture may sometimes seem unimportant or simply impossible, but those who remain Latino instead of becoming â€Å"Americanized† are those who care the most for and have the strongest tie to the culture. Because the United States has long been involved in Latin-American affairs, â€Å"American† and â€Å"Latin American† culture may not be two completely separate entities. Through foreign policy, economics, politics, and trade—to name a few—US influence has been woven into the cultures of many countries. And the US doesn’t only impact the really serious aspects of life. As the world’s largest exporter of music, movies, and television programming, the United States constantly bombards other countries with its media, most of which is in English. But interaction between the US and Latin America has by no means wiped out Latin American culture. Using sports as a cultural indicator, Latin America has maintained its identity as a fà ºtbol dominated continent, rather than showing a preference for football. Interestingly enough, â€Å"America’s† favorite pastime—baseball—is continually gaining popularity across the American continent, clearly thriving in the United States but also in Latin American countries, where many of the players are from. Other cultural differences include: the common practice among middle- and up... ...her than a stark black-white contrast. Though the United States has managed to inject its culture into countries around the world, it has not completely taken over. Retaining one’s Latino identity in a country like the United States can prove somewhat challenging, but if the desire to do so exists, so does the potential. Language is a strong tie to the culture for obvious reasons, but personal experiences may establish an even deeper determination to preserve the culture. Luckily, the United States and Latino cultures aren’t mutually exclusive, so it’s not necessary to reject the United States in order to maintain one’s â€Å"Latino-ness.† Instead, bask in your diversity and indulge in a guilty pleasure, Latino-style; listen to an old Menudo CD, watch a telenovela, enjoy some arroz con pollo or flan, or just stay up to all hours of the night to watch a good game of fà ºtbol.

Ford Motor Company and Penske Logistics Case Study Essay

Abstract In this case study I would highlight the importance of Penske Logistics to Ford Motor Company, one of the world’s largest automotive manufacturers. Penske has a good reputation and are highly valuable in the logistics field. They are very famous in using a process that identifies and removes errors efficiently with a set of tools that increases productivity in the business called Six Sigma. Penske had many challenges to overcome like developing and implementing and operate a centralized logistics network, also streamline supplier and carrier operations to improve performance and accountability, and finally provide a real time supply chain and financial visibility. Some of the solutions for the decentralized network, was to established 10 distribution centers, 1,200 trailers ship to and from the distribution centers per day with most trucks operate at 95% capacity and reduce plant inventory by 15%. To improve performance Penske trained 1,500 suppliers on a set of procedures in the logistic aspect, also they came up with carrier requirements for performance. Penske established strict accountability procedures for real time visibility of delivery status and routing schedules for the supply chain procedures. For financial visibility, they created a new freight billing system to capture logistics costs. In addition to all of this problems and solutions, Penske wants to be the leader provider of logistics management to Ford Motor Company to be well known out there in the business and to create long lasting alliances for their future benefit. Ford is an enormous company that owns different car brands in today’s market. Lincoln, Mercury, Land Rover, Aston Martin and Volvo make part of an alliance that is run by Ford. Ford was in big trouble with their decentralized logistic operations because they had 20 North American assembly plants run by 20 different logistic management operations. It was a complete mess because aside from all the other important car brands joining they didn’t have any control over their daily operations decreasing funds for material handling and transportation. Ford hired Penske to become a centralized operation run by only one company and not 20 different companies. This will increase both velocity and visibility throughout the network and reduce supply chain products. Penske would manage all 19 assembly plants as well as seven stamping pants. Penske develop a new logistics program called the Penske Logistics Center emphasizing in four different core components: Establish inbound Origin Distribution Centers, reduce premium freight costs, real time visibility of shipments, schedule and orders and improve freight billing and claim processing. After this plan was accepted and processed Penske/Ford started working together to achieve the best for the production of the motor company. They started evaluating the current network design and find out that this plan needed to be changed since it was being inefficient allowing excessive inventory increasing storage costs at plant level. To centralize transportation and distribution centers Penske created 10 ODCs for the purpose of having a central delivery point for suppliers. With this in effect shipments would now be cross-docked into trailers at the ODCs and loads would be delivered on a schedule basis instead of delivering half empty trucks. For carrier and premium freight management Penske goal was to maximize carrier service and minimize carrier costs. Since there were more strict requirements for carriers they would now have to meet safety, technological and equipment specifications, provide experience and certified drivers and most importantly show proven experience of on time delivery and pickups for the customer satisfaction. Carriers would now have a 15 minute window for on time delivery and pickup, also a manager will be on site for proper handling and order accuracy. Now with the new Carrier Rating System in effect all incidents would be recorded in the book and corrective actions for carriers would be in effect as well as carriers that have too many discrepancies in incidents would have a low carrier rating decreasing their chances on participating on future bids. Penske implemented new and advance information technology solutions, but one that caught my attention was the fact that drivers will now be provided with PDA scanners and an electronic driver log to process the claims faster and order receipts. Also every truck need to have satellite communications and engine monitoring systems for load tracking, delivery of individual parts is also scanned by using new innovative cross-dock scanners. With all of this new features developed and the centralized approach working the financial part needed to be clear as mud. Penske would provide drivers with an easy and simple set of procedures for accounting purposes. With the new Freight Billing System Ford can now tell which plant is producing less or which one is producing the most. 700 inbound and 500 outbound trailers move in and out Ford ODCs per day with most loads carrying at 95% capacity, unused docking space is being extremely high resulting in a 15% inventory reduction. The supply chain with the suppliers is now better and the new Carrier Rating System has put carriers in a dark spot by now increasing their service and getting better everyday so that they don’t get a low carrier rating for future bids or future references for other Motor Companies. With ODCs monitoring shipments in and out Ford can now see the overall supply chain costs per plant in case they need to cut expenses in the future they can shorten one plant and leave 19 more to generate revenue. The Penske Logistics center is also a success providing a single point of contact instead of 20 different points for logistics purposes. Penske not only work for their benefit to grow as a company but they have shorten expenses to Ford by reducing six ODCs and leaving four in full capacity so that new assembly plants can be created for production purposes. Ford has honored Penske with many awards like the Q1award which is the highest recognition of superior supplier quality. Recently in May 11, 2012 The European Logistics Association also honored this two companies for the European Logistics Award Excellence. I think that this case study was a definite success not only for Ford Motor Company, but for Penske Logistics. They both worked together and in only 18 months they have done major improvements to the automotive industry that the competition would follow and perform effectively. Penske with 40+ years as a logistic provider would now be a prestigious company that not only the automotive industry will want but the industrial, retail, electrical and many more industries will like to have on their side. I learned that the importance of the Six Sigma concept is really important for a company technological advancements in productivity and competency. Reducing errors to zero and making a complete and perfect order is crucial for centralized operations and to maintain streamline operations. I also learned that without logistics goods or in this case cars can’t be transport it is almost impossible to send a car overseas without the proper tracking, communications and on time delivery and pickup. In a nut shell, I think that only leaving four open for full capacity is a mistake because assembly plants will be more increasing the demand, but on the other hand it decreased expenses and generate revenue. REFERENCES Penske Logistics Providers (2013, January). Ford Motor Company: Six Sigma initiatives streamline operations. Retrieved from http:// www.penskelogistics.com/casestudies/ford2.html SharonVille Organizations (2011, January). Penske Logistics engineering supply chains delivering business results. Retrieved from http://www.sharonville.org/econ/pdf/Presentation/Penske%20Logistics.pdf

Money Markets vs Capital Markets Essay

The market where transactions of money and financial assets are accomplished for short time is called money market. On the other end, capital market is meant that market where transactions of money and financial assets are occurred for a long period. * Institutions: Important institutions operating in the’ money market are central banks, commercial banks, acceptance houses,  non bank  financial institutions, bill brokers. Important institutions of the capital market are stock exchanges, commercial banks and non bank institutions, such as insurance companies, mortgage banks, building societies. Transactions Period: In money market transactions are accomplished for one or less than one year. While capital market transactions are for long time. * Nature of Credit Instruments: The credit instruments dealt with in the capital market are more heterogeneous than those in money market. Some homogeneity of credit instruments is needed for the operation of financial markets. Too much diversity creates problems for the investors. * Risks: Since investment of this market is for a short-term, the risk of money is low. In capital market the risk of money and loan defaulters are high. Instruments: Cash dollar, treasury bills, commercial papers are used as the instrument in money market. On the other end, Shares, debentures, long-term bonds are the instruments of capital market. * Transaction Procedures: Since fewer formalities are required in money market therefore, transactions cost is also minimum. While, many formalities are required in making capital market transaction successful and therefore its transaction cost is little bit higher than the money market. * Relation with Government Agency: The money market is closely and directly linked with central bank of the country. The capital market feels Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) as well as central bank’s influence, but mainly indirectly and through the money market. Customer-centric Business Model| * Grow assets under management with real-time analysis of customer activity and personalized interaction * Measure and report on the state of customer relationships and profitability in real time with business analytics * Personalize customer experience across channels * Capture investment profiles to target offers and leads, while shortening sales cycles and increasing investment offers| Effective Risk Management| * Handle compliance issues, regulatory requirements, security, and other operational risks without burdening existing operations * Provide real-time and near real-time actionable customer and product profitability insight, delivered to the front office * Manage security exposure, market, and operations risk * Support centralized and consistent capture of regulatory data for MiFID and KYC requirements| Operational Effectiveness| * Streamline project management, simplify procurement, and make the most your firm’s most important asset—employees * Reduce operational risk with end-to-end financial management * Manage projects more efficiently and effectively * Transform corporate procurement with strategic sourcing capabilities| Next-generation Services| * Evolve to an agile, intelligent, and secure platform * Increase competitiveness by enabling new, intelligent services, while consolidating legacy systems * Enable new services across product silos with ser vice-enabled processes and applications * Gain real-time insight across channels with business intelligence for capital markets * Secure customer data and access for risk and compliance reporting with enterprise security and identity management * Selectively consolidate legacy systems onto an open-standard platform with enterprise grid computing and content management|

How does Chaucer’s portrait of Alison add to the interest of the poem? Essay

Alison is married to the carpenter. The carpenter is the total opposite of Alison. He is old and it is likely that she finds him boring and unattractive, which explains why she has an affair. The Carpenter realises that she is not that much in love with him, and is jealous as a result of it, â€Å"Jalous he was, and held hir narrwe in cage. † There is a sense of doom for John the Carpenter. It seems too good to be true that an old man like him should have such a beautiful wife. It is obvious something is going to happen to take her from him. In the description of Alison, Chaucer shows the difference between Alison and the carpenter. We know the carpenter is old, but the continuous portrayal of Alison makes us more convinced with every line that the two are note suited. â€Å"She was wild and young and he was old. † She is obviously very attractive, she presents herself well and she is youthful. We know that if Alison had any choice then she would not be married to this old carpenter, but back then, marriages were often arranged. The second man in love with Alison is hende Nicholas. Nicholas is a student of astronomy, who is lodging at the Carpenter’s inn. Nicholas is also young and much more suited to Alison that the Carpenter is. He declares his love for Alison in a way that is not too courtly, â€Å"And prively he caught her by the quaint. † This is not a very romantic way to court someone. You would not expect Alison to accept, but after much persistence from Nicholas, â€Å"Lemmen, love me all atones or I wol dien! † she agrees to meet with him. Alison warns him it must be a great secret â€Å"Ye moste been full derne as in this cas,† and Nicholas swears he will not say a word. This is not the type of love in stories like the Knight’s Tale. They are simply attracted to each other, making it closer to lust than love. There is a lot of description of Absolon, the parish clerk who is also in love with Alison. The description is a very feminine one, describing his fancy clothes â€Å"His rode was red† â€Å"Curl was his hair. † Chaucer seems to be mocking Absolon, making fun of his ways, and embarrassing him in the end. By mocking Absolon, Chaucer is mocking courtly love as Absolon represents this. He goes to Alison’s window every night and sings to her and reads her his poems, but every time he is rejected. Alison does not treat Absolon very well either. Absolon is a very jolly and gay character, but he is miserable and woebegone when Alison does not return his feelings. He sings to her and sends her cake and spices, but still Alison has no love for Absolon. â€Å"He n’hadde for his labour but a scorn! † After all the work he puts in to get Alison to fall in love with him, he is scorned. At the end of the story, both Alison and Nicholas at laughing at Absolon after the cruel trick they play on him. There is a lot of humour in the Miller’s Tale. This is to be expected from the description of the Miller in the general prologue, as it tells us he is fond of dirty stories and jokes. Love that is not returned can always be made humorous in such stories. We laugh at the carpenter because he actually thinks that a beautiful young girl like Alison would be in love with him. She makes a fool out of the carpenter in two ways. The first being her affair with Nicholas, which shows us she does not love him, even though he is very much in love with her, â€Å"This Carpenter had wedded a new wif, Which that he loved more than his lif. â€Å"

A World Without the Internet Essay

No internet is a good thing. The internet is the most important, integral and ingenious invention known to the modern world. As a population we have developed our understanding of it until we have finally become dependent on it. Imagine a life without the internet. Imagine this utopia†¦ I know what you’re thinking. How would I research for your history project? Apply for a job? And how am I meant to talk to my friends without my Facebook account? I believe that life without the internet would make the world today a lot fitter, more knowledgeable and a lot more sociable and I am here to tell you why I believe this. see more:without internet I believe that going back in time and using the old fashioned way of research like books and library’s would benefit us as humans greatly. We would all have a wider range of knowledge as well as eliminating one of the major sources of plagiarism. I believe that students would have a broader understanding of the world and its history due to sifting through many books to find the information that is needed instead of typing it into the internet and having the information awarded to you without having to look for it. This change would also mean the would be a lot less coping and pasting meaning people may retain information easier as a result of having to write things out for themselves. There would also be a massive change in the way we communicate if all mobile phones and the internet disappeared. This would result in everyone having better social because communities would have to talk to each other face to face rather than everyone hiding behind a computer screen. Linking into this I believe that our nation would all be fitter by the reason of having to visit friends instead of emailing or ringing and playing outside more instead of games on the internet. Following on from this, many identity theft crimes take place on the internet, meaning the internet can be very unsafe. Bank details wouldn’t be at risk as much if the internet wasn’t around for the reason of it would be a lot harder to get hold of them if they are protected properly. No illegal downloads would take place considering that the internet doesn’t exist; no cyber bulling either thanks to no social sites on the internet. In conclusion, we have to remember that the internet is a relatively new thing to our lives at the moment; many generations coped have without so why is it so hard for us to do? Though it helps us immensely with our everyday lives this change could be a great asset for our ever-growing community.